Gender dysphoria: recognition and assessment

Gender Variance (Dysphoria)

Gender dysphoria and gender change in androgen insensitivity or micropenis.

This review article answers three questions relevant to the medical management and care of individuals born with complete androgen insensitivity syndrome (CAIS), partial androgen insensitivity syndrome (PAIS), or a micropenis: (1) Do any of these individuals reassign themselves from their initial gender assignment? (2) Do more reassign than the ones who do not? (3) Is there evidence of gender d...

Genetic Aspects of Gender Identity Development and Gender Dysphoria

B.P.C. Kreukels et al. (eds.), Gender Dysphoria and Disorders of Sex Development: Progress in Care and Knowledge, Focus on Sexuality Research, DOI 10.1007/978-1-4614-7441-8_2, © Springer Science+Business Media New York 2014 Abstract The development of gender identity, its variance, and gender dysphoria is thought to be a complex process involving biological and psychosocial factors. Heritabilit...

Gender dysphoria in adolescence: current perspectives

Increasing numbers of adolescents are seeking treatment at gender identity services in Western countries. An increasingly accepted treatment model that includes puberty suppression with gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogs starting during the early stages of puberty, cross-sex hormonal treatment starting at ~16 years of age and possibly surgical treatments in legal adulthood, is often indicat...

Gender Variance and Dysphoria in Children and Adolescents.

Gender variant and transgender youth are seeking medical care at younger ages. Pediatricians and other primary care physicians are often the first professionals who encounter such youth and their families. The goals of this article are to provide information on the epidemiology and natural history of gender variant and transgender youth, current clinical practice guidelines regarding the use of...